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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE EXTREMES ON THE ONSET OF PHENOLOGICAL PHASES OF EUROPEAN HAZEL (CORYLUS AVELLANA L.) AND SESSILE OAK (QUERCUS PETRAEA MATT.) IN SLOVAKIA
Abstract
Temperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development. Extreme temperature events have become more intense, more frequent, and longer in recent years. Extremely high and low temperatures may have a detrimental impact on the productivity of trees in critical phases of their development. The work presents the results of phenological observations of two broadleaved tree species: European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea Matt.) with the main emphasis on the impact of the temperature extremes and their influence upon the timing of spring phenological phases. We recorded a 10% incidence of phenological phases. The results are based on the nine-year monitoring data (2008пїЅ2016) from the permanent research plot in the Boky Nature Reserve (530 m a.s.l.), Central Slovakia. We found significant differences in the temperature conditions between the years 2008пїЅ2016. The correlation analysis and the linear regression were applied to describe the relationship between the onset of the phenological phases and the temperature characteristics. We found that the temperature extremes events caused the shifts in the timing of the phenological phases of the monitored species. Strong correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the timing of the phenological phases of both tree species and minimum temperatures, and the number of frost days in the preceding months. The number of summer days in the summer had a significant impact on the onset of the autumn phenological phases of sessile oak.
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