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One of the crucial problems for wind farm development is wind farm layout optimization. It seeks the optimal positions of wind turbines inside a wind farm, so as to maximize and/or minimize a single objective or multiple objectives, while satisfying certain constraints. Although this problem for wind farms in flat terrain or offshore has been investigated in many studies, it is still a challenging problem for wind farms in complex terrain. Designing wind farms in complex terrain is becoming more and more important...

Most of the time, in assessing a situation where a leakage of combustible gas is involved, the volume of the room where the release occurs and the volume of the released gas is taken into account, thus resulting in an average concentration of the fuel gas applied to the entire volume of the room. In some cases, when the source of combustible gas is close enough to the source of initiation, or when air currents converge at the location of the source of initiation carrying amounts of combustible gas, the explosive m...