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In Poland, beavers have colonised all types of valley landscapes ? from late glacial coastal lowlands and lake districts in the north of the country to upland and mountainous ones in the south. Studies of geomorphological effects of their presence in valleys of small rivers in the Oder and Vistula River basins have confirmed the results of earlier observations conducted in forest zones of North America and Europe. In Polish territory, effects of the changes related to the beavers? activities have been studied for ...

Humid and arid climatic cycles during Sub-Atlantic time in the forest-steppe area of the East European Plain were studied based on soils buried under archaeological sites of different time. The shift of the boundary between steppe and forest patches is recorded in the shift of the studied soils: Luvic Greyzemic Fhaeozems of the forest patches and Luvic Chernozems under steppe environment. The complex research is based on archaeological investigation, assemblages of morphological (marco-, meso- and micromorphologic...