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One of the frequent problems that needs to be addressed when mining coal deposits is the presence in the working face of cohesive materials having high mechanical strength in relation to the average rock to be excavated. These are generally called ?hard formations? or ?hard inclusions? and are in the form of either continuous layers or boulders. This problem is of particular importance in Europe where lignite deposits are exploited in large opencast mines utilizing Bucket Wheel Excavators (BWEs) as the main means ...

The solving of European Commission (Research Fund for Coal and Steel) research project ?Bucket wheel excavators operating under difficult mining conditions including unmineable inclusions and geological structures with excessive mining resistance? is under way from 2015 to 2018. The Brown Coal Research Institute j.s.c. is a member of the research team comprising Czech, Polish, Romanian and Greek technical universities and companies. The main task of the year 2016 was the realisation of the three long term measurem...