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In old times, hydrotechnical constructions, mostly dams were built for the single purpose of water supply or irrigation. As civilizations developed, there was a greater need for water supply, irrigation, flood control, navigation, water quality, sediment control and energy. Demand for water is steadily increasing throughout the world. There is no life on earth without water, our most important resource apart from air and land. During the past three centuries, the amount of water withdrawn from freshwater resources...

Biochar is a porous, carbon-rich material produced by heating of organic matter to temperatures between 300 °C and 1000 °C in an environment with limited or no oxygen. During the past decade, numerous articles focusing on the use of biochar have been published, but have shown inconsistent results. Reactions in the soil after the addition of biochar depend on the characteristics of biochar, soil, climate and soil-inhabiting organisms. However, due to high variability in the quality of biochar, its effects on soils ...