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Crete is well known as a possessor of one of the most ancient cultural layers of Ancient Greece. At the same time the oldest cultural stages at Crete are quite different. These differences are most often identified in the outstanding archaeological cultures of the Bronze Age, complemented by a large number of high value historical monuments. In contrast, the historical period between Prehistoric Crete and Minoan Civilization is studied only fragmentary. The evidence and ruins of monuments of this final stage of th...

There are several thousand stone-shaped megalithic stone piles in Europe that have been built between the late Stone Age and the Middle Ages. Their cultural and historical significance has been deliberately studied only in a small number of cases. It is not surprising, therefore, that different stories about such megalithic sites are more widely known than the results of archaeological research. This is particularly true for impressive prehistoric complexes, which today are transformed into tourist attractions. On...

The Step Pyramid complex of Djoser in Saqqara visible today is a reconstruction performed by the main excavator, a French architect Jean-Philippe Lauer, who reconstructed key portions of the complex in the area of 15 ha. However, reconstructed walls, columns and other structures substantially differ in contrast from the Step pyramid itself, its architecture and system of underground tunnels. The existing structure is also not indicating the necessity of numerous attempts to rebuild the pyramid and most likely repr...

The continuous deterioration of historical stone monuments mainly due to weathering is a growing concern. Precise documentation of the monument becomes very important for elaboration of sustainable monument re medy and preservation plan. The method elaborated by the authors allows to create a 3D model of the object with the further possibility to supplement and integrate into this model various visual and data information and systematically update it. This method was developed for the stone material surface weathe...