Browse

The incorporation of industrial by-products such as fly ash, slag, silica fume in concrete can significantly enhance its basic properties in both the fresh and hardened states. These materials greatly improve the durability of concrete through control of high thermal gradients, pore refinement, depletion of cement alkalis, resistance to chloride and sulphate penetration, and continued microstructural development through a longterm hydration and pozzolanic reaction. The utilisation of by-products as the partial rep...