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In 2020, China and India accounted for two-thirds of global coal consumption, while the European Union and the United States accounted for only 10%. Coal consumption in Southeast Asia has now surpassed the European Union and will soon surpass the United States. Now the global coal trend is mainly influenced by Asia. Changes in the demand for coal in China are closely related to economic growth, but in different periods of the development of China's industrialization, the degree of dependence of economic growth on ...

Theoretical studies of how resource-based economies develop change along with changes in approaches to studying sustainable development. There are opposite points of view on resource-based economies. On the one hand, abundant natural resources help countries grow rapidly and efficiently. On the other hand, the 1970s saw the emergence of the resource curse concept in which natural resources are seen as an obstacle to successful economic development. This paradox is explained in various ways, including macroeconomic...

State entrepreneurship and state marketing are the key forms of the state participation in national economy. Within their frames there is a distribution of the resources directed to the maintenance and development of infrastructure, implementation of social obligations and state programs. One of the instruments of state entrepreneurship is the procurement system provided with target budgetary financing by executive authorities. Introduction into the system of state and municipal management the methodology of proje...