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At present, heavy oil and natural bitumen in supplying the world?s demand for fuels and petrochemical feedstock is increasing, because of the reduction of light traditional oil reserves. Heavy oil is characterized by its high viscosity, which creates difficulties in it?s productions as well as transportations to refineries. Currently there are several ways to reduce viscosity of heavy oil to facilitate the extraction process. One of the most important methods is steam injection, but with the passage of time, this ...

Recently, hydrothermal catalytic process in reservoir conditions (in-situ upgrading) has got remarkable attentions. In this study, the feasibility of the in-situ upgrading of Ashal?cha crude oil (Tatarstan region, Russia) using steam and catalyst co-injection was investigated at the temperature of 350 В°C under high pressure for 24h using a stainless-steel 500-ml batch reactor. The changes in the density/API gravity, viscosity, chemical composition (SARA fractions, the composition of saturates), and elemental comp...