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Extrusion-based three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) produces a periodic layer structure that renders the printed material inherently anisotropic. Quantifying this anisotropy non-destructively is essential for in-situ quality assurance. In this study, impact-echo (IE) signals were acquired on 52 laboratory-produced 3D-printed mortar prisms in two layer orientations: K (layers perpendicular to the test surface) and R (layers parallel to the test surface). Three IE wave types per specimen - longitudinal (FL), ...

Different forms and combinations of degradation attacks cause the damage of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Among the most usual belong ingress of chlorides and carbonation that influence the quality of the concrete and also affect its ability to protect reinforcement. The resistance of concrete against the mentioned attacks is given also by other surrounding conditions, like temperature, mechanical load, etc. In this paper, experimental findings are presented focused on the investigation of the effec...