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Passive acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment technologies are technically simplified systems that allow easy control, low capital and operational expenditures, and operating regime that is resilient to varying conditions. Classical technologies for the treatment of AMD with high metal content are based on the process of chemical neutralization. The most commonly used materials or reagents to induce passive neutralization are lime (slaked or quicklime), limestone, soda ash, magnesium hydroxide as well as industrial w...

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a significant environmental issue especially in countries like Bulgaria that currently has 486 closed and abandoned mining waste facilities including tailings, dumps and heaps. Some of them are thoroughly investigated and known for their low pH levels and high metal and metalloid concentrations. The most conventional active treatment method for AMD involves neutralization through the use of different reagents. However, a significant limitation in the application of this method is the la...