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In order to reduce the amount of waste in the production process, the efficient use of raw materials and energy, the concept of a circular economy is increasingly being introduced. Its main goal is the rational use of resources and raw materials, and the reduction of waste in the production process. One of the reasons for introducing this concept is to limit the negative impact of economic development on the environment. The implementation of this idea is not easy. Especially nowadays when technology is dynamicall...

Underground coal mining plays an important role in the Polish economy. It is particularly important in the Silesia region, where coal is called black gold. Hard coal mines are the only source of income for thousands of families living in this region, and coal is the basic raw material for the production of electricity and heat. However, the exploitation of coal is inseparable from the negative impact on the environment. The basic ecological problems of mining include: mining damage, areas degraded as a result of m...

In recent years, the packaging market has become an important element of the economy of many countries. Its growing importance is associated with rapid industrial development, globalization, free transfer of goods and growing demand from consumers. Customer requirements affect the growing demand for more functional, colorful, light, flexible, ecological and environmentally safe packaging. Currently, the packaging has become an element that in many cases determines the demand for a given product. In particular, thi...