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Lasers are the most accurate measure of distance increment. Therefore, they are used to detect ultra-small oscillations of rock under the influence of tidal forces [1?6]. This allows identifying the accumulated tensions in the earth's crust. The change in the type of such fluctuations indicates the possibility of earthquakes in the near future, which allows reducing the damage from such catastrophic events, to save the lives of many people. Currently, such systems use frequency locking of two or more lasers to eac...

It is obvious that the presence of microfractures in a porous medium increases its permeability. What is unclear is the magnitude of this effect, as it cannot be calculated directly. With the assumption that the fractures are small channels, it is possible to calculate the permeability of a fracture at a given state. In 2018 Pasztor proved that under laboratory conditions the flow will be laminar in the channels, hence the fracture density can be easily determined from simple laboratory measurements (with the ?per...

Laser systems are widely used for measuring the most important physical values with the highest accuracy. In particular, laser measuring systems are used to identify earthquake precursors in monitoring tidal rock fluctuations. In many cases, signals from laser measuring systems contain noises that need to be filtered out. The signal component in this case has the form of a harmonic oscillation, the frequency and phase of which change and these changes carry information about the measured quantity. This signal shou...

The Reactor Building NPP is a unique structure and has a complex nature of interaction with the soil foundation of various types. The complex nature of interaction is primarily due to the high load (approximately 0.6 MPa), behavior of the foundation slab as a fully rigid stamp, large load transmission area (6400 m2), and a long period of the building operation (at least 80 years). The main characteristic that describes interaction between the building and the soil foundation is the settlement whose maximum values ...

The development of dangerous hydrogeological processes takes place as a result of the action of climatic factors and of unfavourable technogenic conditions. One of the reasons of the worsening quality of land resources is the salination of soils by chemical compounds (chlorides, sulphides, carbonates) from ground and surface waters and the non-rational irrigation which results in worsening useful properties of soil. With the aim of decreasing or avoiding soils salination hydro-ameliorative measures are used which ...