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Production of castings plays an important part in the global and in the national economy. The main recipient of the foundry production is the automotive industry, but castings find application also in other branches of industry, in civil engineering, in farming, in medicine, and can as well serve art production. In 2016, worldwide casting production reached 104.1 million metric tons, a shade over the 103.7 million metric tons produced in 2015. The remaining 2015 top 10 casting nations by tonnage are Japan at 5.4 m...

The increasing computing power of modern hardware systems opens new possibilities for simulating complex solidification phenomena as well as the overall simulation of the casting process. Although the simulation of filling and solidification can be considered to be state of the art, the simulation of residual stresses and distortion is still the object of intensive research. Distortion is one of often found problems of castings, especially large castings with thin sections such as frame shape or those with curved ...