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Up until the invention of electronic distance measuring devices, in geodetic networks observations were made on the tracks (directions) between points, while the distance was measured only between the points representing the base (or the bases - in the case of the constrained networks). Even after the development of these tools, for a good period of time, we continued with observations on the directions given the size of the instruments and the cumbersome methods of making observations to determine the distances. ...

Currently in our country, dry salt extraction of salt deposits is achieved by the small chambers method. The projected size of the assembly formed out of the side of a pillar and the adjoining chamber is of 30m and remains constant over the entire depth assigned for the exploitation, but the portion of the side of the pillar changes (which is constantly increasing along with the depth) and a of the side of the chamber (increasing with the decrease of the depth). The pillars and rooms have a height of between 7m an...