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The set complex of methods for effectuation of the ecological monitoring of the anthropogenic impact areas as well as undisturbed was worked out by the authors. This method has been tested from 1997 to 2016 in Kostomukshsky State Nature Reserve. The typical part of northern forests of the European part of Russia and Rangifer tarandus fennicus is being protected. The reserve is part of the Finnish-Russian Friendship nature reserve. The Kostomuksha Mining and Processing Plant, the city of Kostomuksha, transboundary ...

Urbanization is a global process most widely spread in the second half of the 20th century. In 2009, the urban population was equal to the size of the rural population and its importance is growing now. City conditions are so specific that at present some scientists note the excistance of processes that form a new adaptive type of man at the phenotypic level пїЅ urban type in addition to already existing high-mountainous, arctic, temperate latitudes and tropical types. The main groups of factors that affect the st...

Forest resource is the most important natural resource. The Leningrad Region is one of the most developed subjects of the Russian Federation according to economic indicators. Logging, wood processing and timber exports are carried out in the region due to the reserves of forest resources. The consumption of forest resources should not exceed the productive natural forces. Improving forest management, ensuring rational use of forests, maintaining the ecological potential of the forest fund are essential aims. The s...