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Kakanj is located in the center of Sarajevo-Zenica basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Coal mining began in the mid 19th century. Several underground mines in the area of Trstionica started operating after the end of World War II. Subsidence caused by underground mining are almost always localized on the surface above the underground area with a zone of influence within the area of the mine. Vertical subsidence could cause significant problems and economic losses, but also the positive effects on the environment, as ...