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Birch (Betula spp.) has a notable financial value and is less affected by most significant biotic factors than common coniferous tree species, however, still prone to wind and freezing rain damages. Main storms affect Northern Europe during winter (when trees are at leaf-less state), however it might change as the climate is warming and length of the vegetation period is increasing. Therefore information on wind damages in birch stands during this period is important. Aim of our study was to assess the damages cau...

European aspen (Populus tremula L.) is fast growing, almost exclusively naturally regenerated trees species, significant for biodiversity, but also with notable financial value. It is prone to browsing damages and rot. Limited information on traits important to wind resistance had been collected so far and used to adapt models predicting wind damages in stands of these tree species. Main storms affect Northern Europe during winter time (when trees are at leaf-less state), however, summer storms are becoming freque...