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Most of bilingual or multilingual dictionaries, especially the printed ones can be represented as a simple relational database with two relations with cardinality 1:N for each side of the dictionary. This database structure is actually sufficient if the user needs only word to word translation and if they are experienced enough to choose a proper translation from mostly many synonyms. One step forward is a contextual dictionary. The translation is influenced by the context of the word, what can make the translatio...

Systematic research on the collective behaviour of formal grammars started in the 90s of 20th century. One of the variants of grammar system models was inspired by eco-systems and it is called eco-grammar systems. Eco-grammar systems describe the interplay between an evolving environment and the community of agents which form the eco-system. Each agent as well as the environment of the eco-grammar system is represented by its own 0L scheme. Agent in the eco-grammar systems can change environmental symbols independ...