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Off-the-shelf mining and fleet management system (FMS) software solutions are often not tailored to site-specific operational requirements and therefore fail to fully address the complexities of real-world mining operations; moreover, such solutions remain limited or unavailable for battery-electric haul trucks, creating a need for the development of a new, customized application aligned with sustainability objectives. This study aims to develop a conceptual Electrical Truck Fleet Management System (ETFMS) for the...