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Castings production cover different technologies of mouls and cores production, different technologies of metal melting (depended on casting material) and technologies of pouring. All these technologies have got some advantages, disadvantages and generate some kinds of by products.There are described in the contribution the basic technologies of moulds production (sand casting, shell moulding, investment casting, lost foam casting, shaw process, vacuum process), pouring technologies (gravity casting, die casting,s...

Returnable and non-returnable losses rise during melting and casting of molten metal. Non – returnable losses arise by melting and metallurgical treatment of molten metal as a back wash of evaporation, chemical reactions between molten metal and refractory lining, molten metal and air and between molten metal and refining additions. Value of these losses depends on the kind of alloy, on used furnace and charge quality. Except non-returnable losses, the returnable losses creates by melting. They represent a diffe...