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The Black Sea exhibits significant potential for the development of substantial gas hydrate reserves, primarily due to its low salinity, extensive sedimentary complexity, and the presence of vast deep-sea buried paleodeltas. Recent geophysical and geochemical studies carried out as part of European and national projects have yielded valuable data and outcomes, serving as the basis for a reassessment of gas hydrates in the Black Sea. This research aims to provide an updated estimation of the Black Sea gas hydrate r...

The purpose of this research is to create a new paradigm as a scientific base for national programs for gas hydrate R&D and projects for technology development and gas hydrate exploitation. The main tasks are the results to mitigate climate and energy crises and to avoid technology problems of renewable energetics and social problems from mass jobs changes in energy and related sectors. The methodology includes analyses and examples from unsuccessful national programs and production tests and a thermodynamic appro...

Urban green infrastructure has historically been used for aesthetical purposes, making landscapes visually pleasant. More recently the green infrastructure in urban and sub- urban areas has started to be applied to help solve a broad range of problems that city dwellers are facing. These problems include natural disasters, overheating, excessive flows rainwater, biodiversity decline and food insecurity among others. Thus, implementation of green infrastructure as Nature-based Solutions has become increasingly popu...

The discovered industrial and semi-industrial hydrocarbon reservoirs, seeps and offshore gas hydrate fields in the Bulgarian Exclusive Economic Zone (BEEZ) are evidence of the generation and migration of oil and gas in the Western Black Sea basin. Marine gas hydrates from the deep water palaeodelta of Danube are seismically studied recently, but the issues about their origin and thermal maturity of sediments still need significant clarification. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to study the basin subsidence and ...

The map reading process is not a customary work. We pass through some steps while we get the necessary information from the map: Introduction to external components of the map; Sign vehicle recognition; Perception of the sign meaning; Superinterpretation. These four processes are discussed in the paper. It is shown their meaning for the swiftness and correctness of sign perceptions, cartographic signs construction; and creating of map legend.