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Ni-P-Sn layers were deposited on the steel strip, with less carbon, by electroless method. An electrolyte based on nickel chloride, sodium hypophosphite, tin chloride and additions for bath optimizing were utilized. The influence on the deposited layers characteristics of different amounts of tin chloride in the nickel bath, respectively, 0.1g/L and 0.4g/L was studied. The conditions for electrolyte formation and optimum working parameters: pH and temperature were set. Ni-P-Sn layers were characterized by comparis...

The research consisted in obtaining Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 coatings followed by heat treatment and characterization of heat treated and untreated layers. The layers were deposited on the steel strip, by electroless method to certain process parameters. To obtain the Ni-P-Al2O3 nanocomposite layers, 5 g/L Al2O3 particles of 20 nm were introduced into the nickel bath, and it has been worked with the same parameters as to obtain the Ni-P layer. The samples were heat treated at 300 0C, 400 0C and 5000C for one hour in a ...

The risk assessment of an organization is stipulated in international standards and in a variety of international and national laws and reglementations. In the context of the obvious environmental problems and incidents with disastrous effects for the environment of the past 50 years, industrial and business environment recognizes the importance of environmental risk management and its applied. In the process of the environmental risk management, the risk assessment and risk treatment plays a crucial role in the c...

Lead-free solutions for protective coatings as an alternative for ecological galvanized steel sheets obtaining were studied in this paper. The lead from zincing baths was eliminated and replaced with bismuth as non hazardous elements. Also other alloying elements (nickel, tin, and aluminium) in zinc melts were added. The making technology of these galvanizing free-lead alloys wa s established in accordance with alloying elements properties. The tec hnological conditions for obtai ning zinc-bismuth coatings with va...