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The concept of Best Available Techniques (BAT) is the basis for granting Integrated Environmental Permits (IEP) to industrial installations. In Russia, BAT is used along with Best Environmental Practices (BEP) concept to promote resource efficiency solutions and to motivate managers to collaborate with local stakeholders in the field of environmentally sound activities. One of the sectors modernised in accordance with the principles of BAT is municipal wastewater treatment (MWWT). In 2020, the Russian Reference Do...