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Theoretical studies of how resource-based economies develop change along with changes in approaches to studying sustainable development. There are opposite points of view on resource-based economies. On the one hand, abundant natural resources help countries grow rapidly and efficiently. On the other hand, the 1970s saw the emergence of the resource curse concept in which natural resources are seen as an obstacle to successful economic development. This paradox is explained in various ways, including macroeconomic...

The problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the national economy is the most important for countries with developing economies. For example, in the Republic of Ecuador (RE), the average GDP growth rate was 5.73% over 2010-2019. This requires high-quality development of the energy sector to ensure sustainable development of the national economy. The power generation structure in RE is not optimal because the share of oil is 87%, while the share of hydro resources is 6%. For RE, this reduces the efficiency of...