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Augmented Reality (AR) technology is gaining relevance in spatial applications, offering interactive ways for users to explore and navigate destinations by overlaying digital information onto real-world environments. As this technology advances, AR maps present both new possibilities and unique challenges in cartographic communication. Despite their growing presence, a structured, user-centered framework for evaluating the usability and effectiveness of AR maps remains underdeveloped. This paper proposes a theoret...

This paper explores the application of augmented reality (AR) in spatial data and 3D model visualization, particularly in the context of smart cities and campuses. The term "smart city" refers to the concept of urban planning that optimizes city space by applying digital technologies to improve the quality of life. Smart cities include innovative solutions in traffic, urban planning, energy, communications and digital management of the city and buildings to provide efficient and sustainable development. We develop...

Open data is undoubtedly one of the most exciting innovations of the last decade. Data that can be (re)used freely and without restrictions is a key driver for achieving many environmental goals. Through the use of open crowdsourcing tools, noise monitoring is enabled by the active participation of citizens who measure noise and thus contribute to the creation of a dynamic noise map. This is consistent with the lifecycle of open data - the design of the process and practices for handling data from its creation, to...