EPS eLibrary: OPTIMISING RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND STORAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE WIND TUNNEL OPERATION

Peer-reviewed articles 17,970 +

Proceedings Cover

Title: OPTIMISING RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND STORAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE WIND TUNNEL OPERATION

Year

2025

BibTex Views:

200

Peer Reviewed

Open this article in the author's DB

<< Back to list

Title

OPTIMISING RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND STORAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE WIND TUNNEL OPERATION

PlumX Article Metrics by Elsevier

Authors

Aivars Rubenis; Aigars Laizans; Leslie Robert Adrian; Rihards Dziedatajs

DOI

10.5593/sgem2025v/4.2/s20.84

DOI Issue

10.5593/sgem2025v/4.2

ISSN

1314-2704

ISBN

978-619-7603-93-4

Language

English

Volume

Issue

4.2

Editor

• Prof. Dr. hab. oec. Baiba Rivza, LATVIA
• Prof. DSc. Ildiko Tulbure, GERMANY
• Prof. DSc. Oleksandr Trofymchuk, UKRAINE

Scientific Area

Economics of Sustainability and Environmental Policies

Abstract/ Foreword

Indoor skydiving wind tunnels are highly energy-intensive installations, yet their environmental performance remains largely unexamined. This study develops a mathematical model to evaluate how on-site photovoltaics, battery storage, and potential regenerative braking can reduce the electricity cost and carbon footprint of a horizontal wind tunnel designed by Storm Adventures. The model integrates empirically measured fan–motor demand, long-term solar irradiance data for Liepaja, Latvia, and Monte Carlo simulations to represent realistic annual operating conditions.
The wind tunnel requires 64.6 MWh annually. Optimisation identifies a configuration of 19 PV modules (12.6 kWp) and a 10 kWh battery, generating 28.6 MWh per year, of which 81% is used on-site. Net grid demand falls to 37.5 MWh, lowering CO2 emissions from 5,301 kg to 3,396 kg (a 36% reduction). Electricity expenditure decreases by 45.8%, from €10,182 to €5,522. Regenerative braking could recover 1,309 kWh annually (2% of demand), providing a modest but meaningful future efficiency gain.
Overall, the results demonstrate that hybrid renewable-storage systems can substantially reduce both emissions and operating costs, supporting the sustainable operation of energy-intensive climate-resilience training infrastructure.

References (click to open)

[1] X. Yang, Q. Gao, H. Duan, and R. Wang, ‘Exploring the role of entertainment transition in mitigating consumption-side GHG emissions’, iScience, vol. 28, no. 6, June 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112674.
[2] C. J. Corbett and R. P. Turco, ‘Sustainability in the Motion Picture Industry’, University of California Los Angeles UCLA Institute of the Environment, Nov. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://personal. anderson.ucla. edu/charles.corbett/ papers/ mpis_report.pdf
[3] European Comission, ‘Climate Action Progress Report 2024 - country profile Latvia’, European Commission, Jan. 2024. Accessed: Sept. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/document/download/01e0baef-0a26-4dda-bc50-b3f87dbd5e e2_en?filename=lv_2024_factsheet_en.pdf&prefLang=fr
[4] European Parliament, Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’). 2021.
[5] International Energy Agencu, ‘Global Energy Review 2025’, 2025, [Online]. Available:https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/5b169aa1-bc88-4c96-b828-aaa50406 ba80/GlobalEnergyReview2025.pdf
[6] J. Malmodin, Å. Moberg, D. Lundén, G. Finnveden, and N. Lövehagen, ‘Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Operational Electricity Use in the ICT and Entertainment & Media Sectors’, J of Industrial Ecology, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 770–790, Oct. 2010, doi: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00278.x.
[7] ZIEHL-ABEGG, ‘Axial fan MAXventowlet’, ZIEHL-ABEGG. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.ziehl-abegg.com/en/products/maxventowlet
[8] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, ‘Improving Fan System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry’, 2003. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://research-hub.nrel.gov/en/publications/improving-fan-system-performance-a-sourcebook-for-industry/
[9] Weg, ‘Specification Guide Electric Motors’. Accessed: Jan. 11, 2025. [Online]. Available:https://static.weg.net/medias/downloadcenter/ha0/h5f/WEG-motors-specifica tion-of-electric-motors-50039409-brochure-english-web.pdf
[10]J. Tang, ‘Motor Sizing Basics Part 2: How to Calculate Load Inertia’, Oriental Motor USA Corp. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://blog. orientalmotor. com/motor-sizing-basics-part-2-load-inertia
[11] R.Grundmann, ‘Elementary Fan Technology’. TROX. [Online]. Available: https://www.trox.de/en/downloads/075547b0eb5193ae/346_elementary_fan_technology.pdf
[12] ABB, ‘37 kW, 6-pole TEFC Induction Motor, Catalogue / Technical Data Sheet’,. ABB, 2019.
[13] Latvijas Vides, geologijas un meteorologijas centrs, ‘Liepaja meteorological station archive’. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://videscentrs.lvgmc.lv
[14] Trina Solar, ‘Trina Solar Vertex 670W TSM-DEG21C.20’. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://pages.trinasolar.com/DEG21C20.html
[15] Huawei, ‘Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1-H2 Smart PV Global’, huawei. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: //solar.huawei.com/en/products/sun2000-330ktl-h1-h2/support
[16] European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, ‘Entsoe Energy Transparency Platform’, Traansparency Platform. Accessed: Nov. 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://transparency.entsoe.eu/market/energyPrices
[17] T. Dimitriou, N. Skandalos, D. Karamanis, T. Dimitriou, N. Skandalos, and D. Karamanis, ‘Progress in Improving Photovoltaics Longevity’, Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 22, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.3390/app142210373.
[18] Swedbank, ‘Swedbank Solar Panel Loans’, Swedbank Solar Panel Loans. Accessed: Nov. 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.swedbank.lv/private/ credit/loans/ solar?language=ENG
[19] SolarPower Europe, ‘Europea ‘European Market Outlook for Battery Storage-2025-2029’, SolarPower Europe, Brussels, July 2025. Accessed: Nov. 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.solarpowereurope.org/insights/outlooks/european-market-outlook-for-battery-storage-2025-2029
[1] X. Yang, Q. Gao, H. Duan, and R. Wang, ‘Exploring the role of entertainment transition in mitigating consumption-side GHG emissions’, iScience, vol. 28, no. 6, June 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112674.
[2] C. J. Corbett and R. P. Turco, ‘Sustainability in the Motion Picture Industry’, University of California Los Angeles UCLA Institute of the Environment, Nov. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://personal. anderson.ucla. edu/charles.corbett/ papers/ mpis_report.pdf
[3] European Comission, ‘Climate Action Progress Report 2024 - country profile Latvia’, European Commission, Jan. 2024. Accessed: Sept. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/document/download/01e0baef-0a26-4dda-bc50-b3f87dbd5e e2_en?filename=lv_2024_factsheet_en.pdf&prefLang=fr
[4] European Parliament, Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’). 2021.
[5] International Energy Agencu, ‘Global Energy Review 2025’, 2025, [Online]. Available:https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/5b169aa1-bc88-4c96-b828-aaa50406 ba80/GlobalEnergyReview2025.pdf
[6] J. Malmodin, Å. Moberg, D. Lundén, G. Finnveden, and N. Lövehagen, ‘Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Operational Electricity Use in the ICT and Entertainment & Media Sectors’, J of Industrial Ecology, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 770–790, Oct. 2010, doi: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00278.x.
[7] ZIEHL-ABEGG, ‘Axial fan MAXventowlet’, ZIEHL-ABEGG. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.ziehl-abegg.com/en/products/maxventowlet
[8] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, ‘Improving Fan System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry’, 2003. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://research-hub.nrel.gov/en/publications/improving-fan-system-performance-a-sourcebook-for-industry/
[9] Weg, ‘Specification Guide Electric Motors’. Accessed: Jan. 11, 2025. [Online]. Available:https://static.weg.net/medias/downloadcenter/ha0/h5f/WEG-motors-specifica tion-of-electric-motors-50039409-brochure-english-web.pdf
[10]J. Tang, ‘Motor Sizing Basics Part 2: How to Calculate Load Inertia’, Oriental Motor USA Corp. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://blog. orientalmotor. com/motor-sizing-basics-part-2-load-inertia
[11] R.Grundmann, ‘Elementary Fan Technology’. TROX. [Online]. Available: https://www.trox.de/en/downloads/075547b0eb5193ae/346_elementary_fan_technology.pdf
[12] ABB, ‘37 kW, 6-pole TEFC Induction Motor, Catalogue / Technical Data Sheet’,. ABB, 2019.
[13] Latvijas Vides, geologijas un meteorologijas centrs, ‘Liepaja meteorological station archive’. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://videscentrs.lvgmc.lv
[14] Trina Solar, ‘Trina Solar Vertex 670W TSM-DEG21C.20’. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://pages.trinasolar.com/DEG21C20.html
[15] Huawei, ‘Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1-H2 Smart PV Global’, huawei. Accessed: Nov. 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: //solar.huawei.com/en/products/sun2000-330ktl-h1-h2/support
[16] European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, ‘Entsoe Energy Transparency Platform’, Traansparency Platform. Accessed: Nov. 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://transparency.entsoe.eu/market/energyPrices
[17] T. Dimitriou, N. Skandalos, D. Karamanis, T. Dimitriou, N. Skandalos, and D. Karamanis, ‘Progress in Improving Photovoltaics Longevity’, Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 22, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.3390/app142210373.
[18] Swedbank, ‘Swedbank Solar Panel Loans’, Swedbank Solar Panel Loans. Accessed: Nov. 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.swedbank.lv/private/ credit/loans/ solar?language=ENG
[19] SolarPower Europe, ‘European Market Outlook for Battery Storage-2025-2029’, SolarPower Europe, Brussels, July 2025. Accessed: Nov. 23, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.solarpowereurope.org/insights/outlooks/european-market-outlook-for-battery-storage-2025-2029
[20] European Environment Agency, ‘Greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation in Europe’. Accessed: Nov. 24, 2025. [Online]. Available: https:// www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emission-intensity-of-1

Acknowledgements (click to open)

This paper has been published within the research project “Development of a horizontal wind tunnel to support climate resilience” carried out under the grant program funded by the Recovery and Resilience Facility and Central Finance and Contracting Agency of Latvia as part of the research program “Competency Centre for Energy and Transport” Project number: 5.1.1.2.i.0/2/24/A/CFLA/002.

Type

conference

Url

https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2025v/4.2/s20.84

Full manuscript

Download PDF

OPTIMISING RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND STORAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE WIND TUNNEL OPERATION

Proceedings Тitle

Proceedings of 25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2025

Note

25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2025, 3 - 06 December, 2025

Type

Proceedings Paper

Publisher

STEF92 Technology

Series

International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference-SGEM

Organization

SWS Scholarly Society; Acad Sci Czech Republ; Latvian Acad Sci; Polish Acad Sci; Russian Acad Sci; Serbian Acad Sci and Arts; Natl Acad Sci Ukraine; Natl Acad Sci Armenia; Sci Council Japan; European Acad Sci, Arts and Letters; Acad Fine Arts Zagreb Croatia; Croatian Acad Sci and Arts; Acad Sci Moldova; Montenegrin Acad Sci and Arts; Georgian Acad Sci; Acad Fine Arts and Design Bratislava; Russian Acad Arts; Turkish Acad Sci.

Pages

761-772

Date

3 - 06 December, 2025

Online Source Type

website

Digital Source Type

10706

Keywords

Sustainable entertainment industry, Wind tunnel energy modelling, Renewable integration, Battery energy storage.