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INFLUENCE OF THE NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY ON THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CHERNOZEMS OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA

Г. В. Мокриков

Abstract

A comparative study of the influence of the multiyear application of the No-Till technology on enzymatic activity of different chernozems of two districts in the Rostov region was carried out. These soils are widespread in the vast territories of southern Russia and are the most productive arable soils. As a result, in different climatic conditions and on different subtypes of chernozems it has been established that long-term application of No-Till of direct sowing with the accumulation of plant residues on the soil surface resulted in the increase in biogenicity and biological activity, contributing to the increase in soil fertility and agricultural crop yield. Enzymatic activity of the investigated chernozems was at a high level. Enzymatic activity of chernozems to a large extent depended on cultivated crops. The significant acceleration capacity of activity of investigated enzymes during vegetation period was revealed. The dynamics nature did not coincide for different enzymes studied. The vertical distribution of dehydrogenases, invertase, and phosphatase was typical, decreasing down the profile in different degrees for different enzymes. The activity of catalase in many fields was increased in the middle and lower parts of the soil profile. The dehydrogenases? and, especially, catalase activity, was weakly related to the soil treatment method. The hydrolases? activity was susceptible to the use of soil protection technology. In the soils of Agrocenosis in Oktyabrskiy district with the application of the No-Till technology, the invertase activity was higher in 10 cases out of 12, as compared to arable soils. The use of No-Till soil-protecting technology on 4 fields in the Salskiy district increased the invertase and phosphatase activity by 30-50%. The catalase activity was in reverse dependence on soil moisture (r =-0.77). The other investigated enzymes were neutral to the content of soil moisture. At the same time, the activity of invertase and dehydrogenases was positively related to the number of soil bacteria (r = 0.75-0.80), while catalase activity did not correlate with this indicator.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/3.2/s13.034

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