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WEED FLORA OF PEPPER CROP IN DUKAGJINI PLAIN
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate weed flora in pepper crop on the Dukagjini plain in Kosovo. The arable weed vegetation of Kosovo has been affected by multiple environmental features and management measures on various spatial scales in the past. Weed flora in pepper crop on the Dukagjini plain was not studied in detail in the past; thus, data are insufficient and incomplete. To increase the knowledge of weed flora in pepper crop on the Dukagjini plain, we recorded the flora of 50 plots with a standard plot size of 25 mпїЅ. To avoid edge effects, the minimum distance of each plot to the field border was 10 m. The location of each plot was documented with the help of a GPS using the UTM system. A total number of 18 weed species were documented, belonging to 12 families. The mean species number per plot was four species/25 m2. The predominant weed species were Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium and Echinochloa crus-galli. With regard to the life forms of the recorded species, therophytes (72%) and geophytes (17%) were the most important groups, whereas hemicryptophytes (11%) were the least important. Moreover, weed flora in pepper crop was largely identical between the plots in this study. The following species were predominant regarding floral elements: Cosmopolitan (33%), Eurasian (21%), Adventive (17%), Sub-Eurasian (17%), Circumpolar (6%), and Pontic East Sub- Mediterranean (6%). Ecological analysis of weed flora of pepper crop indicates that weed species are mostly heliophilic species of moderately warm habitats, of moderately humid soils, moderately supplied with nutritive substances, and of moderately acidic or alkaline soils. Low species number and high proportions of annual plants in the recorded fields may result from high levels of herbicide application in pepper crop on the Dukagjini plain.
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