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FEATURES OF THE CONCENTRATIONS FORMATION AND THE HEAVY METALS FLOWS IN THE NATURAL LANDSCAPES AND IN THE REGIONS ON ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT IN THE SUBARCTIC OF EUROPEAN TERRITORY OF RUSSIA
Abstract
The Northern Dvina River and Kyanda River of the White Sea basin are characterized by similar natural conditions ? long cold winters, short cool summers, podzolic type of soil formation, high wetlands (up to 20%) and wooded areas (about 80%). Despite a number of common features, the Northern Dvina River, unlike Kyanda River, experiences a significant anthropogenic influence from the enterprises of pulp and paper and wood chemical industry, heat power engineering, mechanical engineering and others. The Kyanda River is located in the distance from large settlements and industrial enterprises. Thus, the factors influencing the formation of concentrations and fluxes of heavy metals will be different for these streams. Based on the obtained data about the contents of mercury and cooper in various components of the landscape was estimated fluxes of these metals into river systems of the Northern Dvina River and Kyanda River with atmospheric precipitation and surface run-off, the calculation of the removal of metals by river water into the Kyanda and Dvina bays of the White Sea. The authors developed a conceptual balance model that describes the processes of heavy metals transport between the main components of landscapes. The following landscape components are actively involved in the transport of heavy metals: the atmospheric precipitation (solid and liquid), the soil and the vegetation; the river water (water, suspended matter and bottom sediments); hydrobionts and aquatic plants; groundwater and wastewater. Of course, there may be more components that make up the balance, but we have taken, in our opinion, the main ones.
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