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INTENSIFICATION OF THE PROCESSES OF DESTRUCTION OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES IN WASTEWATER USING COMBINED HYDRODYNAMIC AND PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENTS
Abstract
Today, elimination of active pharmaceutical ingredients from environmental waters and wastewaters is becoming an increasingly topical issue. This paper describes a flow-though technology for wastewater treatment, with tetracycline used as an example of a contaminant. A standard scheme for wastewater treatment to eliminate the mentioned compound consisted in advanced oxygen processes based on ozone treatment, fenton process, sonochemical reactions and UV treatment. Currently, photocatalysis is considered the most promising method of treatment. It may involve either catalysts based on Ti, Al and Zr or innovative materials based on carbon nitride. Excess catalyst is separated by sedimentation, centrifugation or ultrafiltration using polymer membranes. As part of the work done, the method of hydrodynamic treatment in combination with photocatalysis was proven effective. Hydrodynamic treatment triggered oxidation due to the induced cavitation of active radicals, and also made it possible to increase the degree of catalyst dispersion with minimum variance of geometric characteristics of the catalyst particles in the treated wastewater and to reduce the average size by an order of magnitude. Ceramic membrane filters with a filtration rating of up to 1 micron were proposed as a filtering material. The choice was based on the instrumental simplicity of regeneration of ceramic membranes and on the possibility of thermal recovery of the filtering properties in the event of clogging with vicious organic components. An alternative environmentally friendly technology for elimination of active pharmaceutical ingredients from wastewater was proposed and tested. The presented flow-through technology is based on the combined use of hydrodynamic treatment, UV and ultrafiltration using ceramic membrane filters. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow were determined for induction of cavitation resonance phenomena in the treated water, allowing the maximum degree of homogenization of the catalyst. In the experiments, high efficiency and convenience of the equipment featuring ceramic membranes as the filtration element were proven.
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