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THE RELATIONS BETWEEN VEGETAL ORGANISMS AND THE WATER FACTOR
Abstract
This study aims to highlight relations emerging between vegetal organisms and water factor. The water input in an ecosystem is realized mainly by: precipitations, water vapors from the atmosphere, fog, dew, underground water, snow melting, springs, river flooding, high flow. The water losses from the ecosystem come from evaporation, transpiration and infiltration down to depths inaccessible to plants. In delineating the relations emerging between plants and the water environment, the roots system has an important role and a characteristic form, depending on species, substratum and plant dimensions. After having studied the specialized bibliography and research out in the field, we have identified several categories of vegetal organisms considering the water factor. Following the research out in the field we have been able to make a correlation between the ecological conditions and the categories of vegetal organisms taking into account their relation to water. For a more efficient use of the water available, the plants present two major types of adaptations: a. for a better access to the existing sources, for example, wide-spread or very long roots, leaves directing the water to the root, adaptations permitting the direct use of dew drops or fog; b. to reduce the losses by transpiration, morpho-physiological changes. Following the research out in the field we have been able to classify and describe the relations between the water factor and the vegetal organisms (including seed dissemination by water: the plants living next to a water environment have fruits or seeds presenting adaptations for floating, for example air-bearing tissues, and their seeds are protected from rotting: the nenuphar (water-lily) seed is protected by a wax layer). Thus, in relation to the water input demands, plants can be grouped into several categories: hydrophilic, hygrophilic, mesophilic, ultra-hygrophilic, xerophilic.
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