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DROUGHTS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract
One of the main and most important features of the weather in Kazakhstan is the air temperature, which significantly affects for energy, agriculture, etc. Particular interest are the significant temperature anomaly, which is related to many dangerous phenomena. These include, first of all, severe drought, excessive moisture, which if not take the necessary protective measures, often bring huge losses in various sectors of economic activity.There is no any single universal index to characterize the conditions of atmospheric aridity. The article as indicators of changes in aridity/moisture in the area it is proposed to use the Ped Index (Si).It includes the main factors necessary for the formation of the phenomenon under study: air temperature (?) andthe amount of rainfall (R), the author suggested not to take the values T and R but their anomaly (?? and ?R). Drought occurs when there is a combination of a large anomaly fields: ?? >> 0 and ?R << 0. The formation of a drought will occur in the area where it will be the largest in magnitude. We can know about the intensity of atmospheric drought on the value of S: the more Si, the phenomenon is stronger, and vice versa. By the intensity the drought can be divided into three classes: weak (Si = 1,0пїЅ2,0), average (Si = 2,0пїЅ3,0) and strong (Si ? 3,0). The materials of 1960-2014 for 30 meteorological stations, relatively evenly located on the territory of Kazakhstan, were studied to determine the degree of aridity of the summer season in Kazakhstan.The duration of atmospheric drought of different intensity by months was studied. The frequency of occurrence in a single month is much bigger than two, but it's even smaller in three and four. Protracted drought, which is observed continuously in two or three months in a row, is a very rare phenomenon.The spatial extent of droughts was investigated across regions: Western, Northern, Eastern, Central and Southern. The most of the dry months were observed in Northern, Eastern and Southern regions.The dynamics of atmospheric ariditywere analyzedпїЅ the trend component is missing in most parts of the territory.
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References12
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