Scholarly record
VERTICAL ACCURACY OF THE BREAKTHROUGH OF THE TUNNEL
Abstract
Tunnels are the objects of road infrastructure which construction requires very complex, demanding, and responsible geodetic tasks. In the tunnelling, at first it is necessary to establish high quality geodetic control that serves as the base for the transfer of the planned tunnel axis in horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the base for all geodetic measurements realised before, during and after tunnel construction. The basic quantity for the planning the completely measuring concept in the tunnelling is the maximum tolerant error of the breakthrough. In this paper, the analysis of vertical accuracy of tunnel breakthrough will be presented on the example of the tunnel Sveti Rok that is one of the longest road tunnels in the Republic of Croatia. Vertical geodetic control in tunnelling must meet all quality criteria that are requested for the high accuracy networks. The measurements from "secured" (well-stabilized) points and precise and reliable data guarantee the obtaining of high quality elements needed in the construction of the tunnel. The basic methods in determining vertical elements in such engineering works are differential and trigonometric levelling. The paper describes all sources of uncertainty that appear in measurements with these methods. In a practical example, at first, the accuracy of tunnel breakthrough in vertical direction will be examined obtained as related to the levelling network adjusted as free network. After that, the accuracy will be examined by calculating the accuracy of breakthrough referring to the reference bench marks on one and the other side of the hill (at each portal of the tunnel). In both cases, the results obtained by means of differential and trigonometric levelling will be presented and compared. The research results will be presented numerically and graphically and compared with the standards prescribed by the Rule Book of Technical Standards and Requirements for Designing and Construction the Tunnels on the Road of the Republic of Croatia.description of the study and the methods used.
Publication details
References5
Grgic, I. Geodetic control for tunelling, master thesis, Faculty of Geodesy University of Zagreb, 2003.
Kuang, S. Geodetic Network Analysis and Optimal Design: Concepts and Applications, Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, 1996.
Pavicic, S. Adjustment models and estimation of accuracy of state levelling networks of the Republic of Croatia, master thesis, Faculty of Geodesy University of Zagreb, 2003.
Book of Rules on Technical Standards and Conditions for Road Tunnel Design and Construction, Art. 53 of the Act on Standardisation (National Gazette 55/96-2336).
Wolf, P. R. & Ghilani, C. D. Adjustment computations - Statistics and least squares in surveying and GIS, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997.
View or Download full articleAccess options
SWS access login
Login as SWS Scientific CommitteeLogin as SWS Scientific PartnerLogin as SWS AuthorAuthors and approved SWS contributors will read and export their own linked papers after identity matching by SWS profile, email and SGEM GlobalID.
For librarian assistance: [email protected]
Purchase Instant Access
- Article can be downloaded after successful payment.
- Article may be used according to SWS library access terms.
- Article cannot be redistributed.