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ANALYSIS OF CHOSEN LOCALITY IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION IN TERMS OF RUNOFF AND EROSION CONDITIONS AND IN TERMS OF POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATER
Abstract
Firstly, this paper is focused on the analysis of runoff and erosion conditions in the chosen locality, which is in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. The analysis was made using geographic information systems, mainly the ArcGIS Pro software program. Water erosion endangers more than fifty percent of arable land in the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, there is no systematic protection of the majority of soil erosion-threatened areas that would prevent further losses. One of the main causes of this is the fact that the Czech Republic has the largest blocks of arable land in Europe due to agricultural intensification production, which began with collectivization and subsequent consolidation of small fields into large ones. Instead of a colourful landscape mosaic, it is now made up of uniform fields. The consequence is a reduction in the natural resistance of the Czech landscape to water erosion, drought, and floods. Another problem facing agricultural areas is that pollutants are often introduced into the recipient via surface runoff or drainage water. Thus, secondly, this paper deals with the evaluation of water samples taken in the locality from a main drainage facility and a stream with the aim of investigating how agriculture affects water quality. Chemical parameters determining water pollution were selected, such as nitrogen or phosphorus content.
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