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MINERAL COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN ROMANIA
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum L.) is a cereal which has a unique role in the global economy due to its technological and production value. The aim of this paper was to highlight the variation of the amount of mineral substances from thirty one varieties of wheat grains cultivated in Romania, from various origins such as: Romanian, German, French, Austrian, etc. Twenty-four grains samples were of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), two wheat samples were of Triticum monococcum and five wheat samples were of Triticum spelta. All the analyzed wheat grains belong to the active collections of the „Mihai Cristea” Vegetal Genetic Resources Bank of Suceava (BRGV). Six minerals content were analyzed K, Ca, S, Mn, Fe, Zn by using a Shimadzu EDX-900HS device. The minerals content contributed 1.396-3.886% (Fe), 1.631-5.617% (Mn), 0.565-2.876 (Zn), 45.811-77.264 (K), 4.757-24.691 (Ca) and 3.555- 19.336 (S) of the total mineral content of the wheat varieties analyzed. A hierarchical cluster analysis was applied through WARD method in order to group wheat varieties with a similar mineral composition. The hierarchical analysis of the clusters grouped all wheat samples into 9 clusters and a significant variation was observed in the mineral composition of each group. From the 9 clusters obtained, the fourth group had the highest concentrations of S, Mn, Fe and Zn, the fifth and sixth groups had the highest values of K, while the eighth and ninth groups had the highest values of Ca. Genotypic differences between the thirty one wheat varieties analyzed reflected in the minerals concentrations, can be useful in further cross-linkage studies. The variation of mineral compositions from wheat varieties grown in Romania can be used in the breeding program of wheat grains in order to improve the nutritional profile of wheat grains and to develop a new variety of wheat with high mineral content value.
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