Scholarly record
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF VALLEY RESERVOIR OPERATION IN LOWLAND RIVERS: A CASE-STUDY OF THE ASTANA RESERVOIR ON THE YESIL RIVER, KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract
The majority of the rivers in Kazakhstan can be characterized as plain and lowland type. The flow in such rivers is uneven both within the year and over the years. In order to regulate this variability, to conserve water resources as well as to provide water for domestic use the reservoirs have been built. In Kazakhstan, there are 43 large on stream and valley reservoirs on 33 rivers, half of which are on plain, lowland rivers. One of such reservoirs, Astana reservoir is studied in this paper. It is situated on the Yesil river and has a strategic importance due to its close location to the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics of reservoir operation under the conditions of intensive water use and climate change. For the purpose of assessing the multi-year trends in the hydrological regime of the Yesil river and Astana reservoir analytical, mapping, statistical methods with the time series analysis have been applied. Analysis of the main elements of reservoir?s water balance has indicated that the main component of the gain term is surface inflow by the Yesil river. The amount of river runoff is determined by the climatic conditions in the basin and it has shown similar trends as the amount of precipitation in the hydrologic year. The main filling of the reservoir occurs during the snowmelt season and resulting high flows, in April. The main loss term of the water balance in wet years was water release downstream, whereas in dry years it was water withdrawal for household needs. It has been estimated that if the conditions of Nur-Sultan city?s rapid growth persist, the available resources of Astana reservoir will not be able to meet the demands of the population and industry. The situation is expected to get worse with the decline in reservoir?s useful volume due to sediment load processes and the influence of climate change. These factors necessitate the consideration of alternative water sources for constant water supply of the area.
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References13
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