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THE QUALITY OF CONTAMINATION OF AGRICULTURALLY USED SOILS BY RISKY METALS IN SOUTHERN SLOVAKIA
Abstract
The quality of contamination of environment by heavy metals has become global task. Heavy metals could negatively affect production and the quality of agricultural crops and through food chain could endanger the population. In our work the area Malanta situated in the south-western part of Slovakia was monitored. From 20 sampling sites the soils samples were taken and the analyses of selected heavy metals in extract NH4NO3 c = 1 mol/dm3 and aqua regia were carried out. Analytical ending was flame AAS (AAS Varian AA Spectrometer DUO 240 FS/240Z/UltrAA). Also the content of humus (by Turin) and pHKCl and contents of P, K and Mg in monitored soils were assessed. Mentioned agriculturally used soils can be characterized as strongly acidic to neutral (pHkCl = 4.82-6.99) and with medium to high humus content (% hum. = 1.75-3.87). Gained results showed that in some monitored localities the measured values of heavy metals were exceeded in comparison with limit values given by the Law No. 220/2004 (valid in the Slovak Republic) as well as threshold values proposed by European Commission (EU) (2006). The values of total cadmium in the soil were in range from 1.33 to 2.60 mg/kg, and we can conclude that on the all 20 sampling sites the limit value for cadmium was exceeded (0.7 mg/kg) and on 19 from 20 sampling sites threshold values proposed by (EU) has been exceeded. Limit values for total lead (70 mg/kg), copper (60 mg/kg) and zinc (150 mg/kg) were not exceeded on mentioned sampling sites. The content of mobile form of cadmium was in range from 0.08 to 0.25 mg/kg, and we can conclude that on 17 from 20 sampling sites the critical value for cadmium was exceeded (0.1 mg/kg). Also in 18 monitored sites the critical value for mobile form of lead (0.1 mg/kg) was exceeded. The content of mobile form of lead moved in range from 0.07 to 0.36 mg/kg. Critical values for copper (1 mg/kg) and zinc (2 mg/kg) were not exceeded on mentioned sampling sites.
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