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THE CONCENTRATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN THE WELL WATER IN HORNE LEFANTOVCE WILLAGE (SLOVAKIA)
Abstract
The deteriorated state of the environment with various degrees of devastation in individual regions is negatively implicated in the health status of the population and the quality of the ecosystem. Inorganic contaminants, especially potentially hazardous elements, are a serious problem in all environmental compartments. Heavy metals also belong to the priority inorganic contaminants. Many of them act toxic in the terrestrial ecosystem, even at low concentrations. Their toxicity consists of replacing essential metals in enzymes and other vital biomolecules, thereby inhibiting their functions. Heavy metals are very harmful because they are non-degradable and tend to accumulate in different parts of the body. The region of Upper-Nitra is one of the seven regions in Slovakia with badly disturbed environment. This area is affected mainly by the mining of brown coal and lignite, that have a negative impact on the environment. Selected locality, municipality of Horne Lefantovce, is located 18 km north of Nitra and is situated at the foothills of the Tribe? Mountain. The village is located 3 km from the river Nitra, which is rated as very strong or heavily polluted due to anthropogenic activity. There were randomly selected 20 points for sampling. These are welling that people use in most cases to irrigate the gardens. The basic chemical parameters of the water quality were determined in the samples. One of these are cadmium and lead. The elements were analyzed by the optical atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). According to the legislation, the limit concentration of cadmium in drinking water is 0.005 mg/dm. Five samples exceeded this limit value and in eight samples cadmium was not detected at all. The results show that four wells do not meet booth the limit values of cadmium and lead at the same time and the water in them is not potable. The municipality is located in the Region of Upper-Nitra, which is among the most affected environmental areas, therefore the content of risk elements in the water is increased. The Nitra River, which is only 3 km away, has a great impact because of the risk elements get to the wells in measured area by the underground water flow.
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