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THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL POLLUTION ON OXYGEN REGIME AND HYDROBIOLOGY
Abstract
Thermal pollution is considered to be one of the physical water pollution types that is caused by dumping of water heated by the units of industrial, thermoelectric and nuclear power stations. This type of pollution is characterised by the increase of water temperature higher than the natural level. At the places where heated water is dumped there are zones with water temperature higher than in the whole reservoir: about + 12пїЅ ? in winter and + 30пїЅ ? in summer. This fact results into the increased amount of organic substances in water, that has a negative influence on water ecosystem sustainability. The aim of the research is to study the distribution of thermal pollution zones and to demonstrate its influence on oxygen mode and hydrobiological processes in a reservoir. To determine the borders of thermal pollution zone caused by an operating thermoelectric station is a very important aspect of the issue. For this purpose methods of mathematical modelling are applied. There are two groups of models: 1) the hydrodynamic problem is solved irrespective of the heat problem; 2) the combined solution of equations of heatпїЅmass transfer and hydrodynamics. A mathematical model based on the equation of H. Reichardt (based on his inductive theory of turbulence ) and the equation of thermal conductivity have been applied in the research. The results of the simulation have been verified by field-based observations. The observations of water temperature, ice structure and thickness in the area affected by heated water have been conducted on a monthly basis during ice-covered period at three vertical lines (channel, floodplain and lower the water discharge place). The location of ice-holes near the heated water discharge zones has been determined by a single-engine biplane utility aircraft. The obtained data allow to determine the borders of ecological risk zones and to study the effect of thermal pollution on ecosystems of a reservoir.
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References4
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