Scholarly record
SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD IN BULGARIA
Abstract
The processes of liquefaction of water-saturated soils under dynamic impacts are one of the many negative and destructive geological processes and phenomena that constitute the geological hazard in Bulgaria. Processes of liquefaction of water-saturated sediments on the territory of Bulgaria are registered during almost all strong earthquakes affecting its territory from both local and regional sources. Specific cases have been described by a number of authors. These processes lead to loss of bearing capacity of water-saturated sediments, deformations of the terrain, tilting, cracking and destruction of buildings and various facilities and can significantly increase the destructive effect of earthquakes. The article examines the terrains with historical cases of liquefaction of weak water-saturated soils on the territory of Bulgaria during strong earthquakes. The registered soil liquefactions are mainly in the Danube lowlands (Vidin, Kozloduy, Chernopol, Svishtov-Belene, Brashlyan); along the lower course of the Yantra River and around the town of Gorna Oryahovitsa; in the terrace of the river Golyama (town of Strazhitsa); in the terraces of the Iskar River (Sofia region); along the valley of the Struma River and the Maritsa River (between Chirpan and Plovdiv); in the sandstrips in the regions of Burgas and Varna; in coastal estuaries. The engineering geological assessment of this hazard requires knowledge of its origin, assessment of the potential occurrence of this phenomenon and the resulting risk. During this study, the conditions of the geological environment favorable for the occurrence of these phenomena (geological and geomorphological), the factors for their occurrence as well as methods for determining the conditions for liquefaction were analyzed. Different methods for assessing the tendency of water-saturated sands to liquefy are considered. Research on the dynamic properties of soils in Bulgaria is re-lated to the observed manifestations of these secondary seismogenic phenomena during strong earthquakes and in the design of important engineering facilities in the country.
Publication Impact Profile
- Captures
- Mendeley - Readers: 1
Publication details
References15
Zaalishvili V., Burdzieva O., Kanukov A., Melkov D., Seismic Risk of Modern City, The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 13, pp 308-318, 2019. DOI: 10.2174/1874836801913010308
Watsof S., Earthquakes in Bulgaria in the XIX century, Sofia, p. 95, 1902. (in Bulgarian).
Watsof S., Earthquakes in Bulgaria in 1901, Sofia, p. 46, 1903. (in Bulgarian).
Watsof S., Earthquakes in Bulgaria in 1904, Sofia, p. 283, 1905. (in Bulgarian).
Brankov G. (Ed.), The Еarthquake in Vrancha in 1977. Consequences in Republic of Bulgaria, Sofia, BAS, p. 425, 1983. (in Bulgarian).
Hamova M., Frangov G., Zayakova H., Perikliyska M., Mihaylov A., Soil liquefaction in Bulgaria – examples, prognoses and countermeasures, Proceedings of the XVI European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2015, vol.4, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2015, pp. 2243-2248.
Berov B., Ivanov P., Frangov G., Dobrev N., Krastanov M., Liquefaction susceptibility of quaternary deposits in Bulgaria, Proceedings of 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2017, 29 June-5 July 2017, Albena, Bulgaria, 17, 12, 2017, pp 499-506. DOI: 10.5593/sgem2017/12/S02.064
Stoynev S., Ivanov P., Historical overview of the cases of soil liquefaction due to earthquakes on the territory of Bulgaria, Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society, vol. 80, part 3, pp. 221-223, 2019. (in Bulgarian with English summary).
Nachov N., The earthquake in Sofia in 1858, Priroda, 4, 5, pp 79-80, 1896. (in Bulgarian).
Staykov St., Contribution to the study of the Gorna Oryahovitsa earthquake on June 1, 1913, J. BAS, 15, pp 1-66, 1917. (in Bulgarian).
Kirov K., Contribution to the study of the earthquakes of 14 and 18 April 1928 in Southern Bulgaria, Coll. of BAS, XXIX, pp 1-116, 1935. (in Bulgarian).
Dobrev N., Petrov P., Terrain effects caused by April 4, 1904 Krupnik earthquake, Proceedings of Intern. Project “Seismo-Hydrogeological Vulnerability of the Environment and Society in the Balkan Region”, Second Meeting, 22-26 Nov. 2006. Sofia, 139-146, 2007.
Benderev A, Krastanov M., Dobrev N., Status and problems of the use of groundwater for drinking Danube lowlands purposes (the example of the Vidin Lowland), SGEM2013 Conference Proceedings, 2, 2013, pp 379-386. DOI: 10.5593/SGEM2013/BA1.V2/S02.050
Frantzova A., Multifactorial methodology for natural hazards risk assessment, Forestry Ideas, vol. 26, No 1 (59): pp 254-261, 2020.
Karastanev D., Tchakalova B., Liquefaction potential assessment of saturated loess, Geologica Balcanica, 50 (1), 37-44, 2021. DOI: 10.52321/GeolBalc.50.1.37
View or Download full articleAccess options
SWS access login
Login as SWS Scientific CommitteeLogin as SWS Scientific PartnerLogin as SWS AuthorAuthors and approved SWS contributors will read and export their own linked papers after identity matching by SWS profile, email and SGEM GlobalID.
For librarian assistance: [email protected]
Purchase Instant Access
- Article can be downloaded after successful payment.
- Article may be used according to SWS library access terms.
- Article cannot be redistributed.