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REGULARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MAIN TYPES AND SUBTYPES OF SOILS OF VERTICAL ZONALITY OF NORTHERN TIEN SHAN

З.А. Тукенова

Abstract

Soil animals by their size are usually subdivided into 5 groups: nano-, micro-, meso-, macrofauna and megafauna. Mesofauna is the most numerous part of soil animals. The mesofauna is represented by mokritsa, enchytraeids, insects, centipedes, spiders, mollusks, etc. Soil animals occupy, basically, the upper horizons (up to 20-40 cm deep), in dry areas only certain species penetrate to a depth of several meters. Mesofauna, along with other soil organisms, can be used as a bioindicator. In addition to the high abundance, tangible biomass and widespread occurrence, the mesofauna is characterized by the ability to respond quickly to changes in the ecosystem, the availability of species identification and the possibility of using the quantitative characteristics associated with the availability of standard conventional isolation methods for comparison. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, mesofauna studies, until now, have been unsystematic, fragmentary. This was the reason for system-ecological research. When studying the mesofauna and enzymatic activity of soils, we established a high-zonal regularity in the formation of a complex of soil-inhabiting invertebrates expressed in increasing the number and group composition of the mesofauna when moving from grey earth to black earth. So, the dominant species on the black earth are ordinary Lumbricus earthworms, and Formicidae ants. The most numerous are larvae from the families Carabidae, Tenebrionidae. An insignificant number from the family of lamelliform Scarabaeidae and staphylinide Stapphylinidae. The same pattern is also evident in the enzymatic activity-the intravitase of 15.58 mg of glucose per gram in 4 hours, the dehydrogenase-0.396 mg of trifenilformazan per gram of soil in 24 hours.

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