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A METHODICAL APPROACH FOR ACCOUNTING INFLUENCE OF LIGHTING CONDITIONS IN ASSESSING THE CONDITIONS OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS BY SATELLITE DATA DURING ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION
Abstract
The use of Earth observation satellite data is an efficient monitoring method for the state of natural ecosystems disturbed by the development of georesources. A permanent multispectral satellite survey provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of ecological restoration by observing the changes in the spectral reflective properties of the landscape. At the same time, it is problematic to interpret the satellite observation data of the surface being in the shade during the survey, because in the absence of direct solar radiation the superposition of less intensive multiple scattered and reflected radiations causes the ambiguous interpretation of the spectral properties of the underlying surface. In order to improve the reliability of the assessment of the state of the forming forest phytocenosis in the process of restoration of natural ecosystems disturbed by mining industry, the authors have studied influence of shading conditions of the underlying surface and proposed an algorithm for correcting the spectral reflective properties of the surface taking into account the total registered reflected radiation. The article presents the results of matching the reflection spectra of satellite data of forest phytocenosis monitoring in different lighting conditions, formed on the tailings dam of the stockpiled apatite ore processing wastes from the Khibiny deposit when restoring natural ecosystems in accordance with the principle of their self-organization according to the technology of the Mining Institute KSC RAS. The authors have developed a methodical approach to the interpretation of reflection spectra characterizing forest phytocenoses based on the brightness correlation in the spectral range of satellite images of Sentinel-2 spacecraft in different lighting conditions: direct solar and scattered in the shadow of low-level clouds. The linear dependence of brightness in spectral channels of a satellite image on the sum of reflected radiation registered in visible and near-infrared bands during direct and diffuse illumination of forest phytocenosis of the surrounding landscape was established. It is shown that brightness correction in spectral channels allows increasing both the information of the satellite image on the studied data array and the accuracy of vegetation index of the forming phytocenosis determination.
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