Scholarly record
CELLULASE ACTIVITY IN ANTHROPOGENICALLY DISTURBED CHERNOZEMS
Abstract
The study of the rate of autoregeneration of soil microbial community allows developing the strategy of soil management. The activity of cellulase in soils shows the rate of biological transformation of plant residues and may be used as indicator of autoregeneration of soil microbial community in disturbed soils. The most reliable data on the activity of cellulase in soils can be obtained with the help of the application method, which is based on a reduction in the mass of cellulose fiber that has been incubated in vivo in the soil during different periods. The cellulase activity of modern arable soils and uncultivated soils in vicinity of ancient settlements in the Southern Urals was studied. During 10 years we study the dynamics of cellulase activity in chernozems in steppe zone (Chelyabinsk region, Russia) on the sites with abandoned field after the beginning of reserve regime. Cellulase activity of disturbed soils we compared with that of uncultivated soils of state reserve. According to the obtained data, the cellulase activity of soil microbial community in uncultivated soils is in an equilibrium state and is most resistant to climate changes. The activity of cellulase in the soils of the abandoned field varied significantly depending on changes in temperature and humidity during the study period. The average annual soil cellulose activity in abandoned plowing field in a layer 0-10 cm achieved the level of cellulose activity in undisturbed soils only in 25 years. We also carried out studies of cellulase activity in undisturbed soils near ancient settlements of the Bronze Age. It was found, that ancient anthropogenic load caused significant changes in the biological activity of soils on archaeological sites. In particular, in the soils of Bronze Age settlements, an increased activity on cellulase was found.
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