Scholarly record
PROBLEM OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY TO POPULATION OF MANGISTAU AND WEST-KAZAKHSTAN REGIONS
Abstract
The problem of supplying drinking water to population of Mangisstau and West-Kazakhstan regions is especially sensitive as the region is located in semidesert zone, water resources are limited. Development of the region natural resources, creation of sufficient conditions for economy intensive development requires large quantities of quality water. Worsening of sanitation-and-epidemiological situation, unsatisfactory technical state of water-supply systems, as well as gradual contamination and salinity of water sources aggravate the problem. Main consumers of water in Mangistau region are cities of Aktau and Zhanaozen with population centers adjacent to them, their share in the overall water consumption amounts to 75.2% and 18.6% respectively. Remaining populations centers of the region account for 6.2% of the drinking water volume both for drinking and domestic needs as well as for agricultural and industrial needs. Water supply to city of Uralsk of West-Kazakhstan region is focused mainly on surface water. Quality of the region groundwater complies in general to requirements, however, in a number of districts non-compliance to GOST and SanPiN (Sanitary regulations and standards): 31.5% to 61.7% of water supplied to population fails to comply with the requirements. Natural and artificial pollutants constitute a hazard to human health. At present, the number of such substances exceeds 400 items. Special hazard is represented by pesticides and herbicides and other organic chemical compounds. Regions of oil exploration and production are also sources of oil contaminants ingress into aquifers. Population of the whole West Kazakhstan is especially anxious about the preservation of a unique sweet water deposit of Kokzhide sand massif in Aktyubinsk region. Considerable threat to drinking water is also represented by raw waste water volume of which is increasing. At present, 19 deposits of drinking and household, process, balneological groundwater as well as groundwater used for irrigation earth were explored in the territory of Mangistau region. Mineable reserves of the deposits were approved by the State territorial committees for mineral reserves. Design life of almost all explored groundwater deposits expired, and it is necessary to carry out revaluation of their mineable reserves for a new design life. Besides, prospecting and exploration operations were carried out, mineable reserves and forecast resources by categories were calculated on 24 sites. Out of 19 explored deposits, 12 are more or less being developed; 5 are abandoned and 2 are ready for operation at the nearest future. 7 of 12 of operated deposits are used for utility and drinking water supply to cities and settlements of the region: these are - Samskoye, Kyzylkumskoye, Ketykskoye, Sauskanskoye, Kuyulusskoye, Tuesuskoye, Akmyshskoye deposits, one deposit ? Kuibyshevskoye ? is used for supplying water to Zhangyldy village and oasis irrigation, Tunrekchiskoye and Saubetskoye ? for irrigation, Kalamkasskoye deposit ? for process water supply to Kalamkas oil field and Aktauskoye mineral water deposit is used with balneological purpose. Abandoned are: Northern ? Aktauskoye deposit, previously used for oasis irrigation, Baskudukskoye deposit due to unsatisfactory condition of intake structures, mineral water despotis Yuzhanka, Eralievskoye and Novouzenskoye. The article gives characteristics of used deposits.
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