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MODELING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION LOSS IN AN ALPINE CATCHMENT
Abstract
Within a catchment, evapotranspiration is considered the loss component of the water budget. High mountain basins of high precipitation and low air temperature are essential for the recharge of water resources available to lowland settlements. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the dynamics of water resources in mountainous areas, particularly due to the lack of measurements and the expected impacts of global warming. The aim of this study is the analysis, evaluation, and modeling of evapotranspiration components in the alpine catchment of Ladov pleso in the High Tatras (Slovakia). This experimental catchment is located above the timberline at elevations of 2057-2350 m, and, in 2000, was instrumented with an automatic weather station, a water level recorder, and soil moisture sensors. Several existing evapotranspiration formulas were tested and compared with the standard water budget method and the concept of structured evapotranspiration, considering four vaporizing surfaces (water, grass, rocky debris, and bare rock) in four selected elevation zones (2,057-2,250 m). The structured approach provided the mean annual evapotranspiration of 408 (mm/year), against values of 192 404 (mm/year) by the standard methods.
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