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SORBENTS OF NORTH-WESTERN BOHEMIA, THEIR UTILIZATION FOR RECLAMATION WORKS AND POSSIBILITIES OF SMECTITE STRUCTURE MODIFICATION
Abstract
Clay sorbents from the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin represent important but still somewhat neglected accessory raw material. Submitted paper is concerned with relation between mineral structure, sorptive efficiency and reclamation exploitation of these rocks. Characters and localities of main clay sorbents from the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin are shortly evaluated in an introduction. In next part, methodology of mineralogy survey for these accessory raw materials is stated, it is based on diffract analyse with D 5000 Siemens x-ray diffractometer. At the conclusion results are stated of mineralogy analyses from several clay sorbents. The determination of the zeolite and montmorillonite localities was accentuated. The paper present also possibilities of practical clay sorbents utilization, especially by reclamation works. Possibilities of smectite structure modification are described in the second part of this paper. Sorbent, sealing, and catalytic clay are charcterised enough by mineral composition, cations exchange capacity, outer and total surface area, cationic (or anionic) form on exchage places, hydratation status and microstructural construction. Some of these basic attributes can be changed or modified by chemical, thermal, or other physical processing. The highest number of modified clays is prepared chemically. They are based on the fact that structural tetraedric and octaedric nets in the phylosilicates 1:1, 2:1 or 2:1:1 layers stay strongly connected while among structures it is weak, made by electrostatic force, van der Waals force or hydrogen bonds. The weak forces enable matter changes in the space between layers, exchange and adsorption of various ionts or molecules. Authors of this article show here the results of research work of Mining College of Technical University Ostrava.
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References4
Cermak, P.: Methodical bases for evaluation of against - erosion resistence of dump soils with vegetation or other preparation in SHP Research report, M.S. VUMOP Praha, 1998
Fisera, E.: Evaluation of soils of North - Bohemian basin from standpoint of suitability Research report, M.S. BPT, 1990
Hrasko, T.: Applied soil - knowledge science Bratislava, 1988
Rehor, M.: Research of suitability of overburden soils for restoration purposes Expert review, M.S. VUHU, 1999
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