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GEOCHEMICAL BARRIERS FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS FIELDS INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE PROTECTION OF THE ADJACENT TERRITORIES
Abstract
The factors of negative impact on the environment of oil and gas well construction processes, as well as conditions that aggravate the impact were considered. An overview of the most used ways of arranging the accumulators of drill cuttings and related drilling waste was presented. The characteristics of common pollutants that enter the geological environment during the development of an oil and gas field and the main features of their migration were given. Prospects for improving the design of oil and gas field infrastructure were identified taking into account the identified environmental risks and hazards. The central idea was to use the principles of echeloned protection of natural and anthropogenic complexes, including the creation of natural and artificial geochemical screens with concentrating (accumulative) properties in relation to toxic technogenic flows, including those contaminated with heavy metals. The echeloned protection was proposed to be used as a multi-level system of duplicating and repeatedly overlapping environmental barriers, which is designed to protect the environment and the enterprise. The possibility of using drill cuttings as artificial geochemical barriers, due to their colmatation and sorption properties, was shown experimentally and justified theoretically. Structure of mechanical geochemical barriers made of clay drilling cuttings was proposed. The rationality of using the proposed geochemical barriers simultaneously with other environmental protection measures was noted.
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