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ASSESSMENT OF BIOCHAR'S ABILITY TO ADSORB MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS INCLUDING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES
Abstract
Biochar is a highly porous pyrolysis product with a high specific surface area and adsorption properties, capable of adsorbing various compounds and formations, including ARG-containing MGEs. To assess the ability of biochar to adsorb MGE, a model experiment was carried out: in sterill flasks, the microbial community isolated from composts was cultivated on LB-medium, oxytetracycline and a mixture of heavy metals were added as factors potentially stimulating the production of MGE. Neither heavy metals nor oxytetracycline led to an increase in the concentration of intracellular total DNA and did not lead to an increase in the proportion of intracellular plasmid DNA in the formed sediments of the samples; on the contrary, their decrease was found to be 20 and 35%, respectively. The introduction of biochar did lead to significant effect on the concentration of intracellular total DNA. At the same time, the concentration of total DNA in the supernatant was higher in samples with biochar, the introduction of oxytetracycline led to an increase 2.1 times the count of plasmid extracellular DNA, which is a potential carrier of ARG. It was shown that biochar is able to reduce the count of ARG due to the mechanism of sorption of MGEs (plasmids) that are carriers of the tet(A) gene; such an effect has not been established with respect to the tet(B) gene. Most likely, this mechanism plays a minor role in reducing the spread of ARG, since it is specific only for some MGEs.
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