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SOIL-LITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ANCIENT GREEK VINEYARDS ON THE HERAKLEIAN PENINSULA, SOUTH-WEST CRIMEA
Abstract
The period of Greek colonisation and economic land development in the northern Black Sea coast stimulated an active transfer of agricultural technologies of subtropical farming from Asia Minor to the sub-Mediterranean region of the South-West of Crimea starting in late 5 c. BC. This determined the formation of the original land management system, the practice of soul cultivation for perennial plantations, and adaptive crop production within the area of about 10 thousand ha, which largely characterises Tauric Chersonesos and its rural district (chora) as one of the best multi-period archaeological sites preserved elsewhere in Europe. This study aims to analyse the biogeochemical differences of the vineyard soils and parent rocks in ancient agricultural zones as one (along with the climate) of the key causes of differences in the quality of grapes and the role of wine trade among ancient states in Crimea and Asia Minor. The geochemical prerequisites of these differences, which are determined by the characteristics of the parent rock and vineyard soil of Tauric Chersonesos on the Herakleian Peninsula in comparison with the more southern region of Asia Minor (Eastern Mediterranean), were considered. We determined the concentrations of 22 macroelements and trace elements in soils and parent rocks in order to compare virgin forest ecosystems and agro-economic zones, which were located in the territory of the ancient states Lycia and Tauric Chersonesos with different bio-climatic conditions. Lithological and geochemical differences of parent rock (for 15 elements), as well as contrast content in soils seven trace elements (Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, V, Al) in the areas of ancient Eastern Mediterranean Eastern farming and within 880 km to the North (South-West of Crimea) could become one of the substantive reasons for the development of the taste specific features of wines produced in these regions.
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